Lesson 17: 
The て Form - More Usages
Bring & Take; Please Do; Please Give; Commands

Goal:
Learn more usages of the て-Form

New Vocabulary

Verbs
あらわれます 

やられます
もらいます
つれます
あけます
ちゅうもん します
はなします
はなします

Nouns
ドア
まど
りょかん
かじや
ちず
チーズ
おとこ
おんな
かぞく

Adjectives
たいせつ (な)
だいじ（な）
Verbs
... To appear; to emerge; to show up
... To be defeated
... To receive
... To take, Bring (animate)
... To open
... To order
... let go
... To speak

Nouns
... Door
... Window
... (Japanese style) Inn
... Blacksmith
... Map
... Cheese
... Man
... Woman
... Family

Adjectives
... Important, Precious
... Important, Precious
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New Grammar

The て Form - By itself
The て-Form, by itself, has two different meanings. One is a command, and one is a sort of "Run On Sentence" usage.
  1. Use the て-Form to command people (in a little bit of a rude manner - so be careful) to do something.
    • In English, we make commands by simply talking TO someone (i.e., looking at them), and then using the verb in the simple plain form.
    • For example "Eat!", "Drink!", "Look at that person.", "Go to the store and get me a beer." Notice that we're not using "please" in these sentences.
    • Making similar sentences in Japanese (without the please) can be accomplished by doing almost the same thing: address the person to be commanded, and then make the sentence you want. However, you must end the sentence in the て-form! 
    • For example: ドアをあけて。("Open the door"), ビールをちゅうもんして ("Order a beer"), みずをのんで ("Drink the water").
  2. The て-form is frequently used practically-directly-connected to other verbs.
    • This happens frequently with the following verbs: います、あります、いきます、きます、ください、もらいます、くれます、あげます, amongst others.
    • In these situations, where the て-form is directly connected to the verb following it, the verb that follows happens in association with the て-formed verb. For now, you only need to be aware that this pattern exists. The specifics will be introduced as necessary
    • A few examples you already learned, or are learning this lesson:
      • もっていきます - To Bring something *
      • 食べています - Currently eating
      • つれていきます - To take someone *
      • * (Explained below)
  3. The て-form can be used to combine sentences that have a strong connection to one another.
    • In English, we'll say something like "Having eaten all the cake, I barfed uncontrollably", or "Being that I ate all the cake, I barfed uncontrollably". Notice that the sentence isn't directly making a "Cause-and-Effect": it's simply saying that "eating a cake" preceded "barfing", and that the two are correlated. Now - in all reality - there IS a cause and effect, but it isn't stated directly.
    • In these situations, there is a pause between the て-form and the next sentence/verb.
    • In Japanese, we can do the same thing! Just use the て-form of the verb, and then we can add a new, directly-related sentence in the same sentence. For example: ビールを のんで、ねました。("I drank beer, and then fell asleep").
      • Notice: The final verb always comes last, and the て-form verbs before it need to have their tenses modified accordingly.
        • ビールをのんで、ねます - "I will fall asleep, having drank beer."
        • ビールをのんで、ねました - "I fell asleep, having drunk a beer."
    • Notice that the end sentence is the "real" sentence, and that the sentence before it has a sort of logical-connection:
      • Notice: these sentences don't work:
        • "ドアをあけて、ゾンビがあらわれます" - "Having opened the door, three zombies appeared."
          • Notice that the subject of both "sentences" is different: ZOMBIES appeared after WE opened the door.

        • ビールをのんで、ねまし

Please Give Me... Respectfully!
  • Asking someone politely and respectfully to give you something is as easy as using the verb ください instead of くれます!
Please Do Something: ~てください
  • ～てください, that is, the て-form + ください is a polite way of asking someone to do something. "Please (verb)", is a decent translation.
  • Make sure you know your particles and your て-forms! If you make a mistake, it could be the difference between asking someone to "please do this" or "please die". （してください vs. しんでください).
  • (Because I'm trying to ween you guys off of "spaces between words", I'm going to NOT put a space between the て and ください!)
Difference Between くれます and ください (The beginning of politeness)
  • This is your first major taste of Japanese's "politeness levels". In lesson 16, we introduced "the in-group vs. the out-group". This distinction between "In-groups" and "out-groups" (among other things) will be important to understand when deciding what politeness level to use.
  • Deciding your politeness level is important: one does not want to insult their superior, nor does one want to accidentally sound sarcastic to a subordinate. Imagine walking up to your boss (or principal, if you're still employed) and asking them "Hey, buddy! Howya doin'?! Whaddaya up to tonight?" -- this probably would end up being a bad thing for you. Also, imagine walking up to your younger sibling and saying "Sir, I respectfully request your attendance to an evening dinner at my residence whereupon we shall engage in the watching of a motion-picture of your choice!". (Translated to normal: "Hey, wanna come over and eat dinner? We'll watch a movie!") -- You'll come off as sarcastic and insincere. 
  • The important thing for this lesson is to realize that ください is the more polite form of くれます. While both are still considered polite, one should generally use ください when being polite and talking to someone in "the out-group". 
Bringing and Taking - Inanimate & Animate
  • Another use of the て-form is to add a movement-sort-of verb to the end of もちます's and つれます's て-Form. (i.e., もって きます or つれて いきます)
  • These compound verbs combine to make verbs like "take" or "bring"; that is, you "hold and go". 
  • Remember: 

Examples

  1. おの を はなして！ "Drop the Ax!"
  2. けんをください。 Please hand me the sword.
  3. ドアをおしてください。 Push the door, please.
  4. ドアを おして、へやに はいりました。
  5. ゴブリンがあらわれました。
  6. りょかんでビールをちゅうもんしてください。
  7. 私のかぞくのたいせつなけんをかじやへもって行ってください。
  8. がいこつがあらわれました。
  9. おんな の 人を しろ へ つれて 行ってください
  10. このおとこの人をきょうかいまでつれて行きます。
  11. チーズがすきですから、うしがすきです。
  12. あついですから、まどをあけてください。
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Practice

(1) Practice making the て-form
Convert the following verbs into their て-forms. 
Is it annoying?!?! YES!!! DEAL WITH IT!! You NEED to be good at this. You need to be able to do this faster than Japanese people.
あいます
あります
あるきます
いきます
いのります
あらわれます
かけます 
かみます
ききます
きます
こうげきします
ころします
しにます
します
たおします
たたかいます
たべます
つかいます
つきます
ねます
ふります
べんきょうします
まちます
もちます
みます
ミスします
もどります
もらいます
やすみます
よみます
(2) Make Some Sentences!
Use the following words to make sentences. If you change an adjective into an adverb, make sure to do it properly!
Subjects
私
あなた
だんせい
じょせい
ローグ
コボルド
がいこつ
クレリック
おうさま
うし
ゾンビ
いぬ
しか
ウィザード
Objects / Places
ネズミ
おの
じゅもん
てら
や
はやし
かわ
あさごはん
だれ
ソーサラー
たから
ぎんか
たからばこ
みず
Adjective / Adverb
きれい（な）
おいしい
おもい
かるい
しずか（な）
ふるい
ねむい
こわい
とくべつ（な）
きょだい（な）
いっしょ に
はやい
じょうず（な）
すくない
Verb
かけます
あげます
やすみます
たべます
もらいます
くれます
いきます
いのります
みます
とります
まちます
かっています
もっています
あるきます
(3) Two characters are talking to one another, what are they doing?
(A): Peter! 何を しています か？
(B): いま、おいしい ビール を のんでいます。
(A):あたらしい けん を かいました か。
(B):いいえ、まだ かっていません。
(A):まだ いぬ を かっています か。
(B):はい、かっています。
(A):どこ に いっていますか。
(B):まほう の がっこう に いっています。
(A):何を したい です か。
(B):ばんごはん を たべたい です。でも、いま ゾンビ を ころしています。
(A):だいじょうぶ です か。
(B):いいえ、ネズミ に なっています。
(A):まだ ゴブリン と たたかっています か。
(B):いいえ、もう ゴブリン を たおしました よ。
(A):いま、何と たたかっています か。
(B):ゾンビ と たたかっています。