Lesson 9: Counting Things, With, Adjectives - と&な
Goal:
Be able to count up to 10 things; explain that you do something with someone else; and describe things.
Be able to count up to 10 things; explain that you do something with someone else; and describe things.
New Vocabulary |
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Nouns
たから ... Treasure Adjectives あたらしい ... New ちいさい ... Small ふるい ... Old (object) おおきい ... Big きれい (な) ... Pretty / Clean あぶない ... Dangerous きょだい(な) ...Giant |
Verbs
はなします ... Speak, Talk with あいます ... Meet Particles と ... With / And な ... Particle used to connect a な-adjective to a noun. |
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New Grammar
Particle と - “With” and “And”
- The particle と refers to the idea of “and”. Use it in between the objects that are together.
- The particle と also can mean “with”, as in “talk with someone” or “meet with someone”. The thing to which you are meeting or talking receives the と particle.
- Adjectives can come either before the things they describe, or they can be used before the word です (see below)
- The large majority of adjectives in Japanese fall under one of two categories: “い-adjectives” and “な-Adjectives”
- な-adjectives use the particle な between the adjective and the noun that they describe. Not before です.
- い-adjectives almost always end in the character い. Be careful of な-adjectives that end in い.
- At this point, please do not try to use でした with い-adjectives. See video for more info.
- These “counters” are almost exclusively used for non-animate (non-moving) things.
- These can be used before the verb without a particle, or before the item they describe with a の.
- ひとつ (1 Thing)
- ふたつ (2 Things)
- みっつ (3 Things)
- よっつ (4 Things)
- いつつ (5 Things)
- むっつ (6 Things)
- ななつ (7 Things)
- やっつ (8 Things)
- ここのつ (9 Things)
- とう (10 Things)
- いくつ (How Many?)
Examples
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Practice
(1) You’re the shopkeeper! Make a list of the inventory. Use complete sentences.
- 10 New Swords
- 5 Big Maces
- 3 Small Daggers
- 8 Old Staves
- 4 Dangerous Axes
- 6 New Bows
- 2 Giant Shields
- 6 Old Books
(2) Your party needs advice. Ask your party who talked with the following people:
- The king
- The wizard
- The sorcerer
- The goblins
- The ranger
(3) Translate the following story into Japanese
A barbarian, a rogue, a wizard, and myself went to the forest. We saw a goblin and a kobold. The goblin had two small daggers. The kobold had a bow and 6 arrows. The kobold attacked the wizard. The goblin attacked the barbarian. The rogue and barbarian killed the kobold. The wizard cast a spell at the goblin. I killed the goblin. We took their weapons. We took their treasure. We returned (home) to the town. We sold the 2 daggers, the bow and the arrows. The barbarian bought two new axes. I bought new armor.
A barbarian, a rogue, a wizard, and myself went to the forest. We saw a goblin and a kobold. The goblin had two small daggers. The kobold had a bow and 6 arrows. The kobold attacked the wizard. The goblin attacked the barbarian. The rogue and barbarian killed the kobold. The wizard cast a spell at the goblin. I killed the goblin. We took their weapons. We took their treasure. We returned (home) to the town. We sold the 2 daggers, the bow and the arrows. The barbarian bought two new axes. I bought new armor.
(4) Answer the questions.
- あした、だれ と ひるごはん を たべます か。___________________________________________________
- きのう、どこ で つちほこ を ふたつ とりました か。_______________________________________________
- せんしゅう、バーバリアン と なに を たべました か。_____________________________________________
- らいしゅう、レンジャー と かわ へ いきます か。________________________________________________
- コボルド の たから は どこ に あります か。____________________________________________________
- や を いくつ かいました か。________________________________________________________________
- なに に じゅもん を かけます か。____________________________________________________________
- たから を とりました か。___________________________________________________________________
- たから は どこ に あります か。______________________________________________________________
- きのう、はやし で ゴブリン と なに を みました か。______________________________________________