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Lesson 9: Counting Things, With, Adjectives - と&な

Goal:
Be able to count up to 10 things; explain that you do something with someone else; and describe things.

New Vocabulary

Nouns
たから ... Treasure


Adjectives
あたらしい ... New
ちいさい ... Small
ふるい 

         ... Old (object)
おおきい ... Big
きれい (な) 

      ... Pretty / Clean
あぶない 

        ... Dangerous
きょだい(な) ...Giant

Verbs
はなします ... Speak, Talk with
あいます ... Meet

Particles
と ... With / And
な 
      ... Particle used to connect a な-adjective to a noun.


New Grammar

Particle と - “With” and “And”
  • The particle と refers to the idea of “and”. Use it in between the objects that are together.
  • The particle と also can mean “with”, as in “talk with someone” or “meet with someone”. The thing to which you are meeting or talking receives the と particle.
Adjectives - な and い
  • Adjectives can come either before the things they describe, or they can be used before the word です (see below)
  • The large majority of adjectives in Japanese fall under one of two categories: “い-adjectives” and “な-Adjectives”
  • な-adjectives use the particle な between the adjective and the noun that they describe. Not before です.
  • い-adjectives almost always end in the character い. Be careful of な-adjectives that end in い.
  • At this point, please do not try to use でした with い-adjectives. See video for more info.
Count 1-10 Non Specified Things!
  • These “counters” are almost exclusively used for non-animate (non-moving) things.
  • These can be used before the verb without a particle, or before the item they describe with a の.
  1. ひとつ (1 Thing)
  2. ふたつ (2 Things)
  3. みっつ (3 Things)
  4. よっつ (4 Things)
  5. いつつ (5 Things)
  6. むっつ (6 Things)
  7. ななつ (7 Things)
  8. やっつ (8 Things)
  9. ここのつ (9 Things)
  10. とう (10 Things)
  • いくつ (How Many?)

Examples

  1. きのう、みせ で あたらしい たんけん を みっつ かいました。 I bought three new daggers at the store yesterday.
  2. ゴブリン と コボルド が います。 There are goblins and kobolds
  3. ウィザード と はなしました。 I spoke with a wizard.
  4. きれい な ローグ は あぶない です。Pretty rogues are dangerous.
  5. あなた は きれい です。You are pretty.*
  6. きょだい な いぬ です か。Is it a giant dog?
  7. けん が いくつ あります か。How many swords do you have?
  8. どうくつ で クレリック が あぶない じゅもん を ばけもの に かけました。 The cleric cast a dangerous spell at a monster in the cave.
  9. これ は ふるい けん です。This is an old sword
  10. きょだい な ネズミ を ころしました。 I killed a giant rat.
  11. みせ に あたらしい けん が ふたつ あります。There are two new swords at the store.
  12. バーバリアン は ふたつ の おの が あります。 The barbarian has two axes.
  13. ふたつ の たんけん を つかいました。 I used 2 daggers.

Practice

(1) You’re the shopkeeper! Make a list of the inventory. Use complete sentences.
  • 10 New Swords
  • 5 Big Maces
  • 3 Small Daggers
  • 8 Old Staves
  • 4 Dangerous Axes
  • 6 New Bows
  • 2 Giant Shields
  • 6 Old Books
(2) Your party needs advice. Ask your party who talked with the following people:
  1. The king
  2. The wizard
  3. The sorcerer
  4. The goblins
  5. The ranger
(3) Translate the following story into Japanese

A barbarian, a rogue, a wizard, and myself went to the forest. We saw a goblin and a kobold. The goblin had two small daggers. The kobold had a bow and 6 arrows. The kobold attacked the wizard. The goblin attacked the barbarian. The rogue and barbarian killed the kobold. The wizard cast a spell at the goblin. I killed the goblin. We took their weapons. We took their treasure. We returned (home) to the town. We sold the 2 daggers, the bow and the arrows. The barbarian bought two new axes. I bought new armor.
(4) Answer the questions.
  1. あした、だれ と ひるごはん を たべます か。___________________________________________________
  2. きのう、どこ で つちほこ を ふたつ とりました か。_______________________________________________
  3. せんしゅう、バーバリアン と なに を たべました か。_____________________________________________
  4. らいしゅう、レンジャー と かわ へ いきます か。________________________________________________
  5. コボルド の たから は どこ に あります か。____________________________________________________
  6. や を いくつ かいました か。________________________________________________________________
  7. なに に じゅもん を かけます か。____________________________________________________________
  8. たから を とりました か。___________________________________________________________________
  9. たから は どこ に あります か。______________________________________________________________
  10. きのう、はやし で ゴブリン と なに を みました か。______________________________________________
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