Chapter 1: Grammar and Practice
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Grammar
Grammar Point A... THE SAME, BUT DIFFERENT!
- Noun 1 + の + Noun 2
- This grammar point pretty much is designed to inform you that, when you're trying to say something along the lines of "My father, the doctor,..." or "My brother, the barbarian,...", you can use the の particle in between the two nouns.
Grammar Point C... NOTHING BUT THE BEST!
- Noun + しか + a Negative Verb --- (しか replaces を, が, & は, other particles remain)
- If the Noun is a subject: "Nothing but X does the verb"; "Nothing does the verb except for the subject"
- If the Noun is an object: "Subject does 'verb' to nothing but X"; "Subject doesn't do the verb except to X"
- Locations and other things can be used -- don't forget the particles!
- しか vs. だけ - しか implies that something is less than what is expected. That is, something was expected, but the reality was much more restricted.
Grammar Point D 1... ANYONE, ANYTIME, ANYWHERE!!
- Using も after the て form of a verb creates the meaning of "Even if we 'verb'"........(How to make the て form: Lesson 16)
- If the verb is です, the て form is で, and thus the pattern becomes でも
- Putting でも after a Question Word (an "interrogative") means: "Any (Whatever the Question word represents)". I.e.: Anyplace, anytime, etc.
- If the Question Word is a target location ("Let's go to the bank!" you must use the normal particle that would be there. i.e.: どこへでも行きましょう "Let's go to anywhere".
Grammar Point D 2... I DIDN'T SEE NOTHING!
- Adding も to a Question Word means "all of the (whatever the Question Word represents)"; or "Every (thing)"
- HOWEVER it only works with Negative verbs/adjectives.
Grammar Point E ... LET'S DROP IT LIKE IT'S MEGA-HOT!
- The verb ending ~ましょう translates to "Let's do (the verb)". We can do this for Plain Form verbs as well
- Group 3 verbs: しよう、こよう
- Group 2 Verbs: Stem + よう ....... (how to make the stem: Lesson 14)
- Group 1 Verbs: Take the last character from the Stem, and change it to its corresponding お sound (き=> こ, し=>そ), and then add う
Practice
Grammar Point A
- 父の ジェフ の えんぴつ は あか です。 - My Dad, Jeff,'s pencil is red. (Notice how this sentence almost can't be written in English).
- レンジャー の Belkarは コボルド を よく ころします。- The Ranger, Belkar, kills a lot of kobolds.
- 妹の ロビン は ガード を しています。 - My younger sister, Robin, is working as a guard.
- あいにく、息子の Roy は ファイター を しています。 - Unfortunately, my son, Roy, is working as a fighter.
Grammar Point C
- 私は がいこつ しか ころさない。 - I kill nothing but skeletons
- 私 しか がいこつ を ころさない。 - No one but I kills skeletons.
- McDonald's しか たべない と、すぐ しんで しまいます よ。 - If you eat nothing but McDonald's, you'll die soon!
- れんちゅう で、ドルイド しか およげません。 - In our party, no one but the druid can swim (れんちゅう = party)
- よろい しか 買いません でいした。 - I didn't buy anything except armor.
- おれ、おの しか つかわない。 - I use nothing but axes!
Grammar Point D
- 三人の ゴブリン を ころして も、ドラゴン を たおせない。 - Even if we kill the three goblins, we won't be able to defeat the dragon!
- スサノオ さま の けん を つかって も、ドラゴン を たおせない。 - Even if we use Susanowo's sword we won't be able to defeat the dragon.
- この じゅもん を よめる 人は だれ も いません。 - There's no one who can read this spell.
- ドラゴン は だれ も たべません でした。 - The dragon didn't eat anyone.
- どこ にも 行きません でした。 - I didn't go anywhere
- どれ を ころして も いい です よ。 - It's alright to kill any of them. (Note: adding でも after どれ is a bit redundant. See the next example...)
- どれ でも ころして いい。 - It's OK to kill either either of them. (Note that the も between ころして and いい is missing. It still works)
Grammar Point E
- レストラン へ いこう か。 - Shall we go to the restaurant?
- ちょっと かんがえよう 。- Let's think a bit
- じゃあ、おんがく を きこう! - Well then, let's listen to the music!
- あの ボール を とり に いこう! - Let's go to take that ball!
- まち に もどって、ビール を のもう。 - Let's go back to town and drink some beer.
- たたかおう か? - Shall we fight?
- しょう が ない、ね?あの コボルド を ころそう。 - There's nothing we can do, eh? Let's kill that kobold.